PHP Operators
To carry out operations on variables and values, operators are employed.
In the following groupings PHP splits the operators :
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment/Decrement operators
- Logical operators
- String operators
- Array operators
- Conditional assignment operators
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PHP Arithmetic Operators
The PHP arithmetic operators are used in conjunction with numeric data to execute standard arithmetic operations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so on.
Example :- Consider, There are two variables called $a = 12 and $b = 5
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $a + $b | 17 |
| - | Subtraction | $a - $b | 7 |
| * | Multiplication | $a * $b | 60 |
| / | Division | $a / $b | 2.4 |
| % | Modulus | $a % $b | 2 |
| ** | Exponentiation | $a ** $b | End of $a and $b |
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PHP Assignment Operators
With numerical numbers, the PHP assignment operators are used to type a value into a variable.
The "=" assignment operator is the most fundamental assignment operator in PHP. It signifies that the value of the assignment expression on the right is assigned to the left operand.
| Assignment | Same As | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a = b | a = b | The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right | |
| a+=b | a = a+b | Addition | |
| a-=b | a = a-b | Subtraction | |
| a*=b | a = a*b | Multiplication | |
| a/=b | a = a/b | Division | |
| x%=y | x = x%y | Modulus |
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PHP Comparison Operators
Two values (number or string) are compared with PHP comparison operators.
Example :- Consider, There are two variables called $a = 12 and $b = 5
| Operator | Name | Example | Description | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | $a == $b | Returns true if $a is equal to $b | FALSE |
| === | Identical | $a === $b | Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type | FALSE |
| != | Not Equal | $a != $b | Returns true if $a is not equal to $b | TRUE |
| <> | Not Equal | $a <> $b | Returns true if $a is not equal to $b | TRUE |
| !== | Not Identical | $a !== $b | Returns true if $a is not equal to $b, or they are not of the same type | FALSE |
| > | Greater Than | $a > $b | Returns true if $a is greater than $b | TRUE |
| < | Less Than | $a < $b | Returns true if $a is less than $b | FALSE |
| >= | Greater Than or Equal to | $a >= $b | Returns true if $a is greater than or equal to $b | TRUE |
| <= | Less Than or Equal to | $a <= $b | Returns true if $a is less than or equal to $b | FALSE |
| <=> | Spaceship | $a <=> $b | Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero, depending on if $a is less than, equal to, or greater than $b. |
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PHP Increment / Decrement Operators
The PHP increment functionality is used to increase the value of the variable.
decreasing PHP operators are used to decreasing the value of the variable.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ++$a | Pre-Increment | Increments $a by one, then returns $a |
| $a++ | Post-Increment | Returns $a, then increments $a by one |
| --$a | Post-Decrement | Returns $a, then decrements $a by one |
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PHP Logical Operators
To match conditional statements, PHP logical operators are utilized.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | And | $a and $b | True if both $a and $b are true |
| or | Or | $a or $b | True if either $a or $b is true |
| xor | Xor | $a xor $b | True if either $a or $b is true, but not both |
| && | And | $a && $b | True if both $a and $b are true |
| || | Or | $a || $1b | True if either $a or $b is true |
| ! | Not | !$a | True if $a is not true |
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PHP String Operators
String operators are provided by PHP in the form of two operators.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Concatenation | $msg1 . $msg2 | Concatenation of $msg1 and $msg2 |
| .= | Concatenation assignment | $msg1 .= $msg2 | $msg1 .= $msg2 Appends $msg2 to $msg1 |
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PHP Array Operators
For the comparison of arrays, PHP array operators are utilized.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Union | $a + $b | Union of $a and $b |
| == | Equality | $a == $b | Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs |
| === | Identity | $a === $b | Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types |
| != | In Equality | $a != $b | Returns true if $a is not equal to $b |
| <> | In Equality | $a <> $b | Returns true if $a is not equal to $b |
| !== | Not Identity | $a !== $b | Returns true if $x is not identical to $y |
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PHP Conditional Assignment Operators
In order to set a value dependent of conditions, the PHP conditional assignment operators will :
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| ?: | Tenary | $a = expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 | Returns the value of $x. The value of $a expr2 if expr1 = TRUE. The value of $a is expr3 if expr1 = FALSE |
| ?? | Null coalescing | $a = expr1 ?? expr2 | Returns the value of $a. The value of $a is expr1 if expr1 exists, and is not NULL. If expr1 does not exist, or is NULL, the value of $a is expr2. Introduced in PHP 7 |
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