Python Operators
Operators are used to manipulating variables and values.
Example :- We use the + operator in the following example to add two values :
print(10 + 5) Output :-
15
Python categorizes operators as follows :
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Identity operators
- Membership operators
- Bitwise operators
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Python Arithmetic Operators
With numerical values, arithmetic operators are employed for common mathematical activities :
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | 5 + 10 | Total of 5 and 10 |
| - | Subtraction | 5 - 10 | Minus of 5 and 10 |
| * | Multiplication | 5 * 10 | multiplying of 5 and 10 |
| / | Division | 5 / 10 | Dividing of 5 and 10 |
| % | Modulus | 5 % 10 | balance of 5 and 10 |
| ** | Exponentiation | 5 ** 10 | End of 5 and 10 |
| // | Floor division | 5 // 10 | floor division of 5 and 10 |
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Python Assignment Operators
To assign the values to the variables, assignment operators are also used :
| Operator | Example | same as.... |
|---|---|---|
| = | a = 5 | a = 5 |
| += | a += 3 | a = a + 3 |
| -= | a -= 3 | a = a - 3 |
| *= | a *= 3 | a = a * 3 |
| /= | a /= 3 | a = a / 3 |
| %= | a %= 3 | a = a % 3 |
| //= | a //= 3 | a = a // 3 |
| **= | a **= 3 | a = a ** 3 |
| &= | a &= 3 | a = a & 3 |
| |= | a |= 3 | a = a | 3 |
| ^= | a ^= 3 | a = a ^ 3 |
| >>= | a >>= 3 | a = a >> 3 |
| <<= | a <<= 3 | a = a << 3 |
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Python Comparison Operators
Two values are used to make comparisons operators of comparison :
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | a == b |
| != | Not equal | a != b |
| > | Greater than | a > b |
| < | Less than | a < b |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | a >= b |
| <= | Less than or equal to | a <= b |
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Python Logical Operators
To merge conditional formatting, logical operators are employed :
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| and | Returns True if both statements are true | x < 5 and x < 10 |
| or | Returns True if one of the statements is true | x < 5 or x < 4 |
| not | Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true | not(x < 5 and x < 10) |
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Python Identity Operators
Used to comparing objects are the identity operators, not if they are equal, but if they are the same object, with the same memory location :
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| is | Returns True if both variables are the same object | a is b |
| is not | Returns True if both variables are not the same object | a is not b |
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Python Membership Operators
Membership operators shall be used to test whether an object shows a sequence :
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| in | Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object | a in b |
| not in | Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object | a not in b |
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Python Bitwise Operators
Bitwise are used to compare (binary) numbers by operators :
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
| | | OR | Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 |
| ^ | XOR | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
| ~ | NOT | Inverts all the bits |
| << | Zero fill left shift | Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off |
| >> | Signed right shift | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
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