Python Scope

Only within the created region is a variable available. This is known as scope.

Python has two types of scopes, which is :

Local Scope
Global Scope

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Local Scope

A variable generated within a function inside is called as function's local scope and is only available in that function.

Example :- In this function a variable generated inside a function is available :

def myfunc():
  x = 300
  print(x)
myfunc()
# It gives an error
# print(x)

Output :-

300

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Function Inside Function

The variable x is not accesible outside of the function as described in the example above but is usable in any function inside the function :

Example :- A function within the function allows access to the local variable :

def myfunc():
  x = 300
  def myinnerfunc():
    print(x)
  myinnerfunc()
myfunc()

Output :-

300

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Global Scope

A variable created in the outside of a function (python main body) is a global variable and is part of the global scope.

Global variables are available within any global or local scope.

Example :- An outside function produced variable is global and can be used :

x = 300
def myfunc():
  print(x)
myfunc()
print(x)

Output :-

300
300

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Naming Variables

If within and outside one function you are operating with the same variable name, Python will treat them as two independent variables, one in the global scope (except the function) and the other in the local scope (within the function) :

Example :- It print the local x, then the global x is printed by the code :

x = 300
def myfunc():
  x = 200
  print(x)
myfunc()
print(x)

Output:-

200
300

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Global Keyword

You can use the global keyword if you need to build a global variable but are in the local field.

The variable is global with the global keyword.

Example 1 :- The variable is the global scope if you use the global keyword :

def myfunc():
  global x
  x = 300
myfunc()
print(x)

Output :-

300

Use the global keyword to transform to a global variable within a function.

Example 2 :- To modify the value of a global variable within a function, use the global keyword to refer to the variable :

x = 300
def myfunc():
  global x
  x = 200
myfunc()
print(x)

Output :-

200

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